Cardiometabolic Chronicle

LIFE IN THE TRENCHES: A Clinical Perspective On Cardiometabolics

I work in the trenches. I am not an academic physician, I do not do research, and I spend all my time in patient care. I am an internist in a busy office as part of an outpatient setting of a large hospital network. My father2 and mentor, an internist and keen diagnostician, made my focus in approaching each patient very easy. He said โ€œwhenever you see a patient, narrow down your approach to one question. What variable can you change that will improve the quality or length of his/her life?โ€ He also said, โ€œBe careful, every 7 years, half of what you know will changeโ€ฆ However, you do not know which halfโ€.

This led me to the study of cardiometabolics. I realized that unfortunately many patients were being treated as if time stood still in medicine. Cardiologist were treating cholesterol, endocrinologist were treating sugars, and exercise was โ€œgoing for a walkโ€. Lipid issues were treated with the advice, โ€œwatch your dietโ€ and many patients were told โ€œbe careful you have borderline diabetesโ€. Unfortunately, death rates, though modestly improved, were still unacceptably high. High-profile people were getting ill and dying with traditional care. Tim Russertโ€™s death at 58 years old of a myocardial infarction with an LDL less than 70 mg/dL and a normal stress test 6 weeks earlier is a prime example, as well as Bill Clintonโ€™s bypass and subsequent stenting 2 years later. Both of these men had metabolic issues which should have initiated a full cardiometabolic work-up today.

REFERENCES:

References:

  1. John C Sciales, MD โ€“ Internal Medicine โ€“ New York Presbyterian Medical Group Queens NY
  2. William J. Sciales MD 1930-2016, SUNY Downstate 1956, Internist: Flushing, NY
  3. Holman, Rury R., et al. โ€œ10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.โ€ New England Journal of Medicine 359.15 (2008): 1577-1589.
  4. Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group. โ€œEffects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes.โ€ New England Journal of Medicine 358.24 (2008): 2545-2559.
  5. ADVANCE Collaborative Group. โ€œIntensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.โ€ New England Journal of Medicine 358.24 (2008): 2560-2572.
  6. Duckworth, William, et al. โ€œGlucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes.โ€ New England Journal of Medicine 360.2 (2009): 129-139.
  7. Kosiborod, Mikhail, et al. โ€œLower risk of heart failure and death in patients initiated on sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors versus other glucose-lowering drugs: the CVD-REAL study (comparative effectiveness of cardiovascular outcomes in new users of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors).โ€ Circulation 136.3 (2017): 249-259.
  8. Zinman, Bernard, et al. โ€œEmpagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes.โ€ New England Journal of Medicine 373.22 (2015): 2117-2128.
  9. Neal, Bruce, et al. โ€œCanagliflozin and cardiovascular and renal events in type 2 diabetes.โ€ New England Journal of Medicine 377.7 (2017): 644-657
  10. Wiviott, Stephen D., et al. โ€œDapagliflozin and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes.โ€ New England Journal of Medicine 380.4 (2019): 347-357.
  11. Marso, Steven P., et al. โ€œLiraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes.โ€ New England Journal of Medicine 375.4 (2016): 311-322.
  12. Marso, Steven P., et al. โ€œSemaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.โ€ New England Journal of Medicine 375.19 (2016): 1834-1844.
  13. Cannon, Christopher P., et al. โ€œEzetimibe added to statin therapy after acute coronary syndromes.โ€ New England Journal of Medicine 372.25 (2015): 2387-2397.
  14. Bhatt, Deepak L., et al. โ€œCardiovascular risk reduction with icosapent ethyl for hypertriglyceridemia.โ€ New England Journal of Medicine 380.1 (2019): 11-22.
  15. DeFronzo, Ralph A. โ€œBromocriptine: a sympatholytic, D2-dopamine agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.โ€ Diabetes Care 34.4 (2011): 789-794.
  16. Jesรบs, M., et al. โ€œReal incidence of diabetes mellitus in a coronary disease population.โ€ The American Journal of Cardiology 111.3 (2013): 333-338.
  17. Ramos, Joyce S., et al. โ€œLow-volume high-intensity interval training is sufficient to ameliorate the severity of metabolic syndrome.โ€ Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders 15.7 (2017): 319-328.
  18. Kernan, Walter N., et al. โ€œPioglitazone after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack.โ€ New England Journal of Medicine 374.14 (2016): 1321-1331.
  19. Robert H.Eckel MD, Univ of Colorado Charles A. Bottcher II Endowed Chair Of Atherosclerosis, Past President of American Heart Association and President Elect of The American Diabetic Association